[ubuntu] systemctl 명령으로 서비스 등록

우분투에서는 systemctl 명령으로 프로세스를 서비스로 등록할 수 있습니다. 기본적으로 서비스명.service 파일을 만들고 systemd 데몬을 리로드 한 후 실행명령을 사용하면 실행할 수 있습니다.

 

기본 명령어

 

	# 서비스 파일 생성 위치
	/etc/systemd/system/zookeeper.service
	# 주키퍼 서비스를 등록(*.service 파일을 읽어서 등록 함)
	systemctl daemon-reload
	# 시스템이 시작될 때 자동으로 시작되도록 등록
	systemctl enable zookeeper
	# 시작
	systemctl stop zookeeper
	# 정지
	systemctl stop zookeeper
	# 상태 확인
	systemctl status zookeeper
	# active 상태 확인
	systemctl is-active zookeeper

view raw zookeeper_service.sh hosted with ❤ by GitHub

 

예제

서비스 파일의 예제는 다음과 같습니다. mysql 의 서비스 등록 예제와 zookeeper 를 서비스로 등록하는 예제입니다.

 

	deploy@hadoop-etc:~$ cat /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service
	#
	# /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service
	#
	# This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
	# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
	# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
	# (at your option) any later version.
	#
	# Thanks to:
	# Daniel Black
	# Erkan Yanar
	# David Strauss
	# and probably others
	[Unit]
	Description=MariaDB 10.1.48 database server
	Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
	Documentation=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
	After=network.target
	[Install]
	WantedBy=multi-user.target
	Alias=mysql.service
	Alias=mysqld.service
	[Service]
	##############################################################################
	## Core requirements
	##
	Type=notify
	# Setting this to true can break replication and the Type=notify settings
	# See also bind-address mysqld option.
	PrivateNetwork=false
	##############################################################################
	## Package maintainers
	##
	User=mysql
	Group=mysql
	# To allow memlock to be used as non-root user if set in configuration
	CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_IPC_LOCK
	# Prevent writes to /usr, /boot, and /etc
	ProtectSystem=full
	# Doesn't yet work properly with SELinux enabled
	# NoNewPrivileges=true
	PrivateDevices=true
	# Prevent accessing /home, /root and /run/user
	ProtectHome=true
	# Execute pre and post scripts as root, otherwise it does it as User=
	PermissionsStartOnly=true
	ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/install -m 755 -o mysql -g root -d /var/run/mysqld
	# Perform automatic wsrep recovery. When server is started without wsrep,
	# galera_recovery simply returns an empty string. In any case, however,
	# the script is not expected to return with a non-zero status.
	# It is always safe to unset _WSREP_START_POSITION environment variable.
	# Do not panic if galera_recovery script is not available. (MDEV-10538)
	ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c "systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION"
	ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c "[ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= || \
	VAR=`cd /usr/bin/..; /usr/bin/galera_recovery`; [ $? -eq 0 ] \
	&& systemctl set-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION=$VAR || exit 1"
	# Needed to create system tables etc.
	# ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysql_install_db -u mysql
	# Start main service
	# MYSQLD_OPTS here is for users to set in /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/MY_SPECIAL.conf
	# Use the [Service] section and Environment="MYSQLD_OPTS=...".
	# This isn't a replacement for my.cnf.
	# _WSREP_NEW_CLUSTER is for the exclusive use of the script galera_new_cluster
	ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS $_WSREP_NEW_CLUSTER $_WSREP_START_POSITION
	ExecStartPost=/etc/mysql/debian-start
	# Unset _WSREP_START_POSITION environment variable.
	ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -c "systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION"
	KillSignal=SIGTERM
	# Don't want to see an automated SIGKILL ever
	SendSIGKILL=no
	# Restart crashed server only, on-failure would also restart, for example, when
	# my.cnf contains unknown option
	Restart=on-abort
	RestartSec=5s
	UMask=007
	##############################################################################
	## USERs can override
	##
	##
	## by creating a file in /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/MY_SPECIAL.conf
	## and adding/setting the following under [Service] will override this file's
	## settings.
	# Useful options not previously available in [mysqld_safe]
	# Kernels like killing mysqld when out of memory because its big.
	# Lets temper that preference a little.
	# OOMScoreAdjust=-600
	# Explicitly start with high IO priority
	# BlockIOWeight=1000
	# If you don't use the /tmp directory for SELECT ... OUTFILE and
	# LOAD DATA INFILE you can enable PrivateTmp=true for a little more security.
	PrivateTmp=false
	# Set an explicit Start and Stop timeout of 900 seconds (15 minutes!)
	# this is the same value as used in SysV init scripts in the past
	# Galera might need a longer timeout, check the KB if you want to change this:
	# https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/#configuring-the-systemd-service-timeout
	TimeoutStartSec=900
	TimeoutStopSec=900
	##
	## Options previously available to be set via [mysqld_safe]
	## that now needs to be set by systemd config files as mysqld_safe
	## isn't executed.
	##
	# Number of files limit. previously [mysqld_safe] open-files-limit
	LimitNOFILE=16384
	# Maximium core size. previously [mysqld_safe] core-file-size
	# LimitCore=
	# Nice priority. previously [mysqld_safe] nice
	# Nice=-5
	# Timezone. previously [mysqld_safe] timezone
	# Environment="TZ=UTC"
	# Library substitutions. previously [mysqld_safe] malloc-lib with explicit paths
	# (in LD_LIBRARY_PATH) and library name (in LD_PRELOAD).
	# Environment="LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/path1 /path2" "LD_PRELOAD=
	# Flush caches. previously [mysqld_safe] flush-caches=1
	# ExecStartPre=sync
	# ExecStartPre=sysctl -q -w vm.drop_caches=3
	# numa-interleave=1 equalivant
	# Change ExecStart=numactl --interleave=all /usr/sbin/mysqld......
	# crash-script equalivent
	# FailureAction=

view raw mysql.service hosted with ❤ by GitHub

	[Unit]
	Description=Zookeeper
	[Service]
	Type=forking
	User=zookeeper
	ExecStart=/opt/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh start
	[Install]
	WantedBy=multi-user.target

view raw zookeeper.service hosted with ❤ by GitHub